The handbrake is one of the vital components of a car, often used in emergencies or when parking the vehicle. For many people, the idea of a handbrake failure can be frightening, and this concern is completely understandable. Handbrake failure is not just a technical issue within the vehicle’s braking system; it is directly related to your safety, the safety of your car, and even other drivers and pedestrians. If after engaging the handbrake you notice that the vehicle continues to move, this indicates a problem with the handbrake that must be taken seriously. However, not all signs of handbrake failure are always clearly noticeable. In this article, we introduce the different types of handbrakes, the causes of their failure, and warning signs you should watch out for. Additionally, we provide tips for proper maintenance and ways to prevent potential handbrake failures, which can help extend the service life of your car’s handbrake.

Types of Handbrakes

The handbrake lever commonly seen in most cars is just one of the various types of handbrakes. As you know, the handbrake is part of the car’s braking system, and its proper function is essential for the safety of the vehicle and its occupants. Here, we review the different types of handbrakes based on their design and mechanism of operation. Each type may look different externally, but they all operate on similar principles.

Types of Handbrakes Based on Operating Mechanism:

• Mechanical handbrakes: including lever and pedal types.
• Electronic handbrakes: those activated by a button.

Types of Handbrakes Based on Actuator:

• Handbrake on wheels equipped with drum brakes.
• Handbrake on wheels equipped with disc brakes.
• Handbrake on the driveshaft (propeller shaft).
• Electronic handbrake.

Causes of Handbrake Failure

Handbrake failure can result from various factors, some due to improper use and others due to environmental conditions. Below are some of the main causes of handbrake failure:

• Air pollution: If you live in an area with heavy pollution or dust, these contaminants can penetrate the handbrake system and stick to its cables or brake pads. Over time, this can impair the handbrake’s function.
• Overusing the handbrake: Excessive or unnecessary pulling of the handbrake can cause the brake to stick to the drum’s wall. In this case, even if you release the handbrake, the vehicle won’t move. To fix this, you can gently rock the vehicle forward and backward or repeatedly engage and release the handbrake. If these methods don’t work, you should visit a repair shop or call for towing assistance.
• Freezing of the electronic brake: In cold and humid areas, electronic brakes can freeze. If your car has an electronic handbrake and you live in such climates, it is recommended to keep the vehicle running for a short time before driving to warm up the braking system.

Signs of Handbrake Failure

Understanding how the handbrake system works can help you quickly identify its faults. The handbrake system typically consists of three parts: the lever, the cable, and the brake pad box. In some cars, the handbrake has only one cable, while in others, two cables connect to the brake pads. Below are the most common signs of handbrake failure that you should pay close attention to:

• The car does not stop after pulling the handbrake: One of the most important signs of handbrake failure is that the car continues to move after pulling the handbrake. This issue can be caused by various reasons such as cable wear or defects in the electronic brake system.
• Handbrake warning light turns on: Next to the speedometer on the dashboard, there is a light marked “P” related to the handbrake. If this light does not turn on or blinks after pulling the handbrake, it means there is a problem with the handbrake.
• Handbrake lever failure: One of the most common handbrake problems is lever or handle failure. This usually happens because the button on the handbrake lever is not pressed in lever-type handbrakes. These models have a button at the end of the lever that must be pressed before pulling the handbrake. Ignoring this can cause damage to the lever teeth and reduce the handbrake’s effectiveness.
• Friction between the brake shoe and drum: Sometimes, even when the handbrake is released, the friction between the car and the ground is higher than usual, as if the handbrake is still engaged. This problem can also indicate a failure in the handbrake system.
• Reduced vehicle acceleration: Another sign of handbrake failure is reduced acceleration. When the braking system, especially the handbrake, is engaged, the vehicle’s acceleration may decrease. If you notice the car is slower than before, make sure to show it to a skilled mechanic.

Importance of Adjusting and Regulating the Handbrake

The handbrake is a vital part of the vehicle’s braking system, effectively used in specific situations such as parking, stopping on slopes, and preventing the vehicle from moving when stationary. Therefore, proper maintenance and adjustment of the handbrake are very important. To ensure flawless performance of this system and to prevent potential problems, the handbrake should be regularly regulated. It is recommended to have this done by a qualified mechanic to avoid any damage or malfunction. If you wish to do it yourself, below are two simple and effective methods to adjust the handbrake.

Methods to Adjust the Handbrake

Method One:

1. First, release the handbrake and open the side cover next to it.
2. Turn the adjustment screw until the handbrake rises about 5 notches.

Method Two:

1. Park the car on a flat and level surface.
2. Fully release the handbrake.
3. Loosen the adjustment screw and hold it just before it fully opens on the last turn.
4. Pull the handbrake lever up and down 4 or 5 times consecutively.
5. Fully engage the handbrake again and start the car engine.
6. Press the brake pedal with maximum pressure at least 4 times, holding it for 3 to 5 seconds each time before releasing.
7. Turn off the car.
8. Turn the adjustment screw until the handbrake rises about 9 notches and becomes firm.

Enhancing Handbrake Performance

To strengthen the handbrake and improve its function, attention must be given to enhancing the overall brake system of the vehicle. The following measures can help increase the efficiency of the handbrake system:

• Use drilled brake discs which provide better heat dissipation, especially if frequent braking is required.
• Use ceramic brake pads which produce less heat and increase the lifespan of the brake pads.

Tips for Care and Maintenance of the Handbrake

The handbrake, like other car parts, wears out over time. To extend the lifespan of this system, regular care and proper maintenance are necessary. These tips include:

• Check the cables: In cable-operated handbrakes (single or dual cable), the metal cable is prone to stretching. Additionally, brake pads and discs also wear out.
• Visit a mechanic: Even if you regularly service your car, have a mechanic occasionally inspect the brake system. Based on the system’s condition, the mechanic can perform necessary tasks such as replacement, calibration, or cleaning.
• Preventive measures: To avoid handbrake failures, it’s recommended to regularly check the handbrake and its cables.

Ways to Prevent Handbrake Failure

To prevent potential failures and serious problems with the handbrake, keep these points in mind:

• Only pull the handbrake when the car is completely stopped.
• Press the handbrake lever button before pulling to avoid extra stress on the mechanism.
• Avoid pulling the handbrake suddenly while the car is moving.
• There is no need to pull the handbrake excessively; a normal pull is sufficient.
• It is better not to pull the handbrake when the car is in gear.
• Occasionally take your car to a mechanic to check the handbrake and its calibration.

How to Test and Inspect the Handbrake

To ensure the proper function of the handbrake, you can use the following methods for testing:

• Hill test or slope test: For this test, take the car to an inclined surface and park it using the handbrake. The car should not move or slip in any way. If the car starts to slide, it means the handbrake is faulty and you must immediately stop the car.
• Acceleration test: This test is generally not recommended, but if the handbrake is working correctly, the car should face resistance when accelerating. If after pulling the handbrake you feel no resistance and the car accelerates easily, there is likely a problem with the handbrake’s function, and the brake system should be checked immediately.

Frequently Asked Questions

1. How long does a handbrake last?
   The lifespan of a handbrake depends on driving habits and usage frequency. Proper and consistent use can increase its longevity.
2. What causes a stiff handbrake in a Peugeot?
   Stiffness in the handbrake is usually due to wiring issues in the vehicle that should be inspected and fixed by a mechanic.
3. Why does the handbrake pull up too high?
   Several reasons can cause this issue, including a loose handbrake or displaced cables.
4. What causes a loose handbrake in Samand and Pride cars?
   This problem typically arises from misaligned cables, which cause the handbrake to shake and eventually loosen.

In Conclusion

These methods and tips help you prevent potential handbrake failures and improve its performance. By following these guidelines, you can keep your handbrake system in the best possible condition.